The mission of the Tribunal is to minister to people regarding their rights and duties under the laws of the Roman Catholic Church (Canon Law). Canon law is intended to protect the essential truths of our faith through norms designed to preserve and promote community. Canon law addresses issues related to church governance, administration of the sacraments, relationships among communities of the faithful, financial management of church assets, various offenses and penalties, and procedures for the exercise of one's rights under church law.

The majority of cases presented to the Tribunal involves petitions for declarations of matrimonial invalidity (Church annulments). Prior to marriage, tribunal officials issue dispensations or permissions which may be needed for Catholic weddings. Apart from marriage, the Tribunal assists priests and deacons who apply for a dispensation from the obligations of Holy Orders.

In all of its work, the Tribunal endeavors to be helpful yet just, kindly yet truthful, and always conscious that the supreme law of the Church is the salvation of souls (Canon 1752).